In 2020, the impact of Artificial Intelligence on healthcare became more evident than ever. With coronavirus threats and medical understaffing all over the world, it’s obvious that we need help. Artificial Intelligence is the most prominent solution right now, and its role will likely grow even after the pandemic.
Actual medical cases have already shown the payoff from Artificial Intelligence investment. For many years, China has been on the front-line on building AI-based healthcare software — and during the COVID-19 epidemic, it paid off in full. AI software helped with diagnosis, treatment, organization, and there are a lot many aspects to come.
Reports are highly optimistic about the future of healthcare and Artificial Intelligence. According to Accenture, AI can help save more than 150 billion dollars of US healthcare expenses. It’s likely that now healthcare and technology will become even more prominent fields of investment, and we can expect higher growth.
Where can we see the change already, and what fields are starting to get revolutionized? We summarized 7 main aspects of healthcare, changed by AI.
Healthcare institutions need to select their workload in order to be more efficient. When there is a crisis situation, doctors shouldn’t be forced to choose who lives and dies from the patient’s clinical history and vital signs. An AI system can help predict the progress of a case and distribute work in a way that allows all patients to get sufficient care.
AI can turn hospitals into connected systems. Each patient case will be stored in a smart database, while the software will distinguish the bigger picture and update the work plan. Moreover, AI can predict bottlenecks, distribute resources, allocate same-day surgeries, and prevent a shortage of medical staff. This is especially important in crisis situations, such as the one that hit hospitals all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
AI can make diagnoses and clinical exams faster by analyzing medical data and drawing informed conclusions. Such software will spare doctors the necessity to go through pages of data and overburden patients with an unnecessary test. On top of that, AI can control documentation storage, making sure that neither scanned medical records nor prescriptions are lost.
According to the research of the University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Artificial Intelligence is at least as good in determining medical diagnosis as humans are. During the study, the research team examined the sensitivity (the probability of recognizing a disease) and specificity of diagnosis (the evaluation if the diagnosis was correct).
The team collected more than 20,500 research articles about AI diagnosis, selected the best-researched ones, and compared the performance of AI and certified medical professionals. The research showed that AI in all the analyzed studies performed as well as doctors — although not much better.
So, while traditional diagnosing methods are not yet replaced by AI, it’s likely that with the help of machine learning, smart algorithms can potentially outperform human specialists.
Artificial Intelligence can create treatment plans for patients who are on the early and late stages of their illnesses, either helping to stop the spread of the disease, or dealing with a serious health crisis. This is already done by IBM Watson — the system creates treatment plans for cancer patients. Watson analyzes medical records, patients’ clinical histories, clinical trials, and journals all over the world.
Medical professionals and patients, there, get access to innovative treatment options all over the world — as the innovations are being published and discovered. This could help deliver higher-standard care and promote innovation adoption.
Artificial Intelligence, with its superior data processing and analytical capacities, holds huge potential for increasing the accessibility of healthcare. People who don’t have access to healthcare institutions or don’t have proper medical insurance can get informed consultations with AI, and if needed, be connected to medical professionals through a telemedicine application that brings mutual benefits. Moreover, AI-powered healthcare assistants offer personalized experiences and help drive better patient outcomes. Additionally, they can do the following:
- encourage a patient to talk about symptoms;
- provide verified information about diseases, symptoms, and treatments;
- connect a patient to a medical assistant;
- connect a user to a community: a patient will be able to share the experience with people who have the same problem;
- monitor treatment: healthcare assistants can remind users to take medications, control nutrition, exercise;
- control vital signs: a healthcare assistant can process biometric data and alert a user if the data is above the threshold.
Obviously, AI healthcare assistants can’t be proper substitutes for actual medical care, but they can become a bridge between a patient and a healthcare institution.
AI is used in operating rooms (ORs) for a while. For instance, energy delivery robots like Programmable Automata used to calculate the position of equipment during cancer treatment. Dental robots use digital mapping to get doctors a more profound insight into a patient’s anatomy. Robots can pre-plan the procedure, calculate angles and orientations, and analyze risks of the surgery. Another example is Motorized Laparoscopic — a tool that allows getting better visibility of laparoscopic cameras by picking the most vital angles.
Such tools will likely become more widespread in the future, helping doctors to improve the efficiency of their working process, shortening surgery time, and leading to better recovery.
AI-based learning systems can help medical students define the most important information for their course, track knowledge, and performance, and plan curriculum. When it comes to getting practical skills, combining AI and virtual reality can be used to create a smart interactive training center, where medical interns and residents can go through surgical procedures, receive advice, and get alerts if there was a mistake.
The adoption of AI is currently yet held back by several ethical and practical aspects. Let’s take a closer look at them below:
- Education: to create safe and impactful AI tools, hospitals need to cooperate with highly-skilled developers; ideally, those who have a deep understanding of a given medical field.
- Resources: the creation and testing of AI healthcare tools take time and money, and hospitals often prefer to invest in more immediate solutions.
- Ethical concerns: trusting people’s lives to algorithms has been a subject of discussions for many years, and the scientific community is yet to find common ground on the topic.
- Privacy: securing information systems and AI software from cyber attacks is a costly challenge for hospitals and tech firms. Existing regulations like HIPAA might not be enough to prevent safety risks.
- Lack of control: using AI on a regular basis could lead to the loss of some human skills, causing doctors to rely increasingly more on AI-based decision making.
Artificial Intelligence in healthcare can solve many problems that the industry is struggling with: understaffing, the lack of time for research and informed decision making, limited prediction capacities, and poor patient experiences. Additionally, AI has the potential to make healthcare more accessible to everyone — and not just in the US but all over the world.
Obviously, there are many ethical and practical challenges to overcome, but it’s likely that the adoption of AI in healthcare is now only a matter of time. Embracing innovation will ultimately lead to a better doctor and patient experiences, and this result is well worth investing time and resources.
Credit: BecomingHuman By: Roman Zhidkoff
